What To Expect During Bone Marrow Tests

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy take about 20 minutes each. Before the tests, a doctor or nurse will explain the testing process. Your breathing, heart rate, and any pain will be closely checked during the test.

Bone marrow tests generally are done on the pelvic bone. Part of this bone is accessible in most people on the lower back. If your doctor uses that part of the pelvic bone, you'll lie on your stomach for the test. Aspiration may be done on the breastbone.

The area on your body where your doctor will insert the needle is cleaned and draped with a cloth. Your doctor will see only the site where the needle is inserted. He or she will numb the skin at the site and then make a small incision (cut). This makes it easier to insert the needle into the bone. Stitches may be needed to close the cut after the test.

For bone marrow aspiration, your doctor will insert the needle into the marrow and remove a small amount of fluid bone marrow. You may feel a brief, sharp pain. The fluid that's removed from the bone marrow will be taken to a lab and studied under a microscope.

If your doctor decides to do a bone marrow biopsy, it will be done after the aspiration. For the biopsy, your doctor will use a needle to remove a small amount of the bone marrow tissue. Thin sections of this tissue will be studied under a microscope.

During both tests, it's important for you to remain still and as relaxed as possible.