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C. Lifespan
C.4 Women’s
Health
Content
Areas
- Lifespan:
pediatrics, adulthood, and geriatrics
- Pregnancy,
lactation, menopause
- Immunology
and breastfeeding
- Vitamin
and mineral requirements and recommendations
- Bone
health
- Gender
differences in common nutrition related diseases
- Effects
of diabetes
- Gastrointestinal
effects of female hormones
- Complementary
and alternative therapies
- Prevention
and lifestyle modification
- Physical
activity
| After
training, the learner will be able to: |
| Knowledge
Objectives: Medical Students |
- Identify
at least three common high-risk eating patterns (e.g., low
calcium intake) that may negatively impact the growth and
development of pediatric and adolescent females.
- Describe
the potential metabolic, immunologic, social, economic,
and health benefits of breast-feeding.
- Cite
the current nutritional recommendations for adolescents
and adult women during preconception, pregnancy, and lactation.
Identify at least four types of foods or supplements that
should be included or avoided in the diet during this period.
- Describe
how to assess the nutritional status of adolescent and adult
women during preconception, pregnancy (including multiple
gestation), post-partum, and lactation.
- Summarize
the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during
and after menopause, and describe the nutrition effects
of these changes.
- Compare
and contrast the patterns of body fat distribution and weight
gain in males and females.
- Differentiate
between anorexia and bulimia as to etiology, signs, symptoms,
effects on menstrual function and nutritional treatment.
- Cite
the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals and those
with eating disorders in the U.S. by age, gender, and ethnicity.
- Identify
six nutrient and immunologic components of human breast
milk, and describe the immune benefits to the breast-fed
child.
- Compare
and contrast effective nutritional regimens for the prevention
of chronic diseases in men vs. women.
|
| Knowledge
Objectives: Residents |
- Identify
at least five medical conditions common to women that may
increase medical and/or nutritional risk during pregnancy,
and describe at least one intervention to effectively address
the nutritional effects of each condition.
- Summarize
the health effects of oral and implant contraceptives, including
their effects on lipid levels, body weight, and the risk
of heart disease.
- Summarize
the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria used to
diagnose type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, and outline
the ADA principles for treating diabetes during pregnancy.
- Summarize
the dietary and endocrine effects of common strategies for
the prevention and treatment of breast, cervical, endometrial,
and uterine cancer.
- Explain
how energy balance and obesity are related to breast cancer
development and reoccurrence.
- Compare
and contrast the physiological and biochemical changes that
occur during pregnancy including multiple gestation, post-partum,
and lactation for adolescents vs. adult women.
- Compare
and contrast the prevalence of the most common macronutrient
and exercise-related anemias for men vs. women.
|
| Knowledge
Objectives: Specialists |
- Identify
the effects of endocrine changes during pregnancy, lactation,
and menopause on gastrointestinal function; describe the
effects of hormone replacement on nutrient digestion and
absorption.
- Compare
and contrast the incidence, etiology, and morbidity in men
vs. women with rheumatic disease, and describe effective
dietary interventions for these patients.
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| Practice
Behavior Skills: Medical Students |
- Take
an appropriate medical history and assess the nutritional
status of an adolescent female or a pregnant and/or lactating
woman, including family, social, nutritional/dietary, physical
activity, and weight histories; use of prescription medicines,
over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements; and
consumption of alcohol and other recreational drugs.
- Given
the pre-pregnancy height and weight, calculate a patient’s
Body Mass Index (BMI) and identify appropriate weight gain
goals for normal-weight, underweight, and overweight pregnant
women.
- Given
a detailed medical, obstetric, dietary, and social history
of a female of any age and weight, evaluate the patient’s
risk of developing chronic disease.
- Perform
an appropriate history and physical examination of an overweight
or obese female child, adolescent, or adult, and accurately
assess her nutritional status.
|
| Practice
Behavior Skills: Residents |
- Effectively
counsel female patients of any age and weight to make informed
nutritional decisions consistent with maintaining a healthy
lifestyle, establishing appropriate dietary and behavioral
goals, and adopting strategies to achieve and maintain these
goals.
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| Attitude
Objectives: All Learners |
- Maintain
due vigilance to recognize any early signs and symptoms
of eating disorders in females.
- Actively
support women who choose to breast-feed.
- Demonstrate
a commitment to consider a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease
in both men and women equally.
- Demonstrate
a commitment to counsel women of all ages about the impact
of daily nutritional choices on their long-term health and/or
the health of their unborn children.
- Recognize
the right of a pregnant woman to decide whether or not to
breast-feed her infant.
- Demonstrate
a sensitivity to the unique physiological and behavioral
characteristics of each female in your medical practice.
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