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B.
Overview and Nutrition Basics
B.5 Physical Activity
Content
Areas:
-
Energy
expenditure, energy transfer
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Body
composition
-
Physiologic
adaptation to physical activity
-
Risks
and benefits of physical activity
-
Physical
activity guidelines and recommendations throughout the lifecycle
-
Pre-participation
screening and risk stratification
-
Social,
behavioral, and attitudinal factors
| After
training, the learner will be able to: |
| Knowledge
Objectives: Medical Students |
- Describe
the beneficial effects of physical activity and the detrimental
effects of inactivity on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal,
pulmonary, neurological systems.
- Identify
the relative contribution of basal and resting metabolism,
dietary thermogenic influences, and physical activity to
the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Differentiate
between moderate and vigorous activity; classify various
physical activities by their energy expenditure rates.
- List
the four compartments of the body used to determine body
composition. Identify different regional patterns of adipose
tissue deposition and the influence of caloric intake on
body fat.
- Describe
the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to short-term
and long-term physical activity.
- Explain
how varying levels of physical activity influence an individual’s
nutritional requirements.
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| Knowledge
Objectives: Residents |
- For
patients at any age, identify the appropriate type, intensity,
quantity, frequency, and duration of physical activity as
influenced by the energy balance requirements.
- Classify
individuals according to standardized levels of physical
activity and physical fitness. List four measures commonly
used to assess a patient’s level of physical activity and
physical fitness.
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| Knowledge
Objectives: Specialists |
- Describe
how differences in total skeletal muscle mass, total adiposity,
and regional adiposity patterns can influence selected components
of the total energy expenditure (TEE) and caloric balance.
Explain how physical activity affects body composition and
how body composition in turn affects health (e.g., insulin
resistance, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis).
- Summarize
the 2000 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Exercise
Testing and Prescription Guidelines for pre-participation
health screening and risk stratification for preventive
and rehabilitative exercise programs.
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| Practice
Behavior Skills: Medical Students |
- Conduct
an appropriate exercise history.
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| Practice
Behavior Skills: Residents |
- Given
a detailed medical history that includes a physical activity
assessment, prescribe an appropriate regimen of diet and
exercise for patients at varying levels of risk for cardiovascular
disease (CVD).
- Effectively
counsel an individual to adopt and maintain a level of physical
activity consistent with the 1999 Patient-Centered Assessment
and Counseling for Exercise and Nutrition (PACE) guidelines.
- Evaluate
an individual’s physical activity and physical fitness levels
using the ASCM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescriptions
(2000).
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| Practice
Behavior Skills: Specialist |
- Given
a detailed medical history for an individual that includes
an eating disorder, heavy exercise, amenorrhea, and/or fad
diet/nutritional supplement use, prescribe an appropriate
regimen of diet and physical activity.
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| Attitude
Objectives: All Learners |
- Recognize
that physicians can have a substantial positive impact on
an individual’s level of physical activity.
- Demonstrate
a personal commitment to evaluate the physical activity
needs of all patients and promote adequate levels of exercise
to prevent disease and promote physical and mental health.
- Demonstrate
a commitment to discourage sedentary lifestyles in patients
as well as to encourage simple physical activity (e.g.,
walking, gardening) for patients who are not compliant or
for whom vigorous activity is inappropriate.
- Demonstrate
a personal commitment to serve as a positive role model
for patients by maintaining a healthy personal lifestyle.
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