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B.
Overview and Nutrition Basics
B.2
Community and Population Health
Content
Areas:
-
Population-based
disease prevention and health promotion
-
Epidemiological
measures and tools
-
Community
health assessment
-
Interaction
of nutrition with lifestyle, environment, biology, and health care
system
-
Food
insecurity
| After
training, the learner will be able to: |
| Knowledge
Objectives: Medical Students |
- Summarize
the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and explain how they
are important in patient care.
- Describe
the role of nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention,
particularly as related to chronic diseases.
- Identify
the prevalence of individuals who are overweight, obese,
or malnourished in the U.S.
- List
the food categories in the Food Guide Pyramid and the recommended
number of servings in each.
|
| Knowledge
Objectives: Residents |
- Explain
the interactions among lifestyle, environment, biology,
and the health care system in the development of nutrition-related
chronic diseases.
- Compare
and contrast the Dietary Guidelines for Americans with the
nutrition guidelines promulgated by the American Heart Association
and the American Cancer Society.
- List
at least four community agencies that commonly provide nutrition-related
resources and describe the types of information and services
that they provide.
- Describe
at least four food-borne illnesses, and outline the process
of reporting and investigating outbreaks of these illnesses.
|
| Knowledge
Objectives: Specialists |
- Outline
contemporary public health strategies aimed at reducing
the burden of disease in the United States through nutrition
education.
- Define
the basic measures and tools of epidemiology that are utilized
in the identification, interpretation, and monitoring of
diets and nutrition.
- Identify
and summarize at least one nutrition-related example of
the different types of epidemiological studies (e.g. case
control, cohort, randomized intervention trial).
- Outline
the framework and processes required to conduct a comprehensive
assessment of a community’s health and nutrition needs.
- Describe
the Healthy People 2010 Initiative, and summarize
the nutrition-related objectives.
- Describe
the levels at which diet can be influenced (individual,
family/household, organization, community setting, environmental,
and public policy).
- Distinguish
among primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention
by giving the definition of each and nutrition-related examples
of each.
|
| Practice
Behavioral Skills: Medical Students |
- Given
a 24-hour dietary recall, assess the status of a patient’s
diet using the Food Guide Pyramid and Dietary Guidelines
for Americans.
- Provide
nutritional counseling and dietary recommendations that
appropriately take into account the patient’s health status,
the Food Guide Pyramid, and Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
|
| Practice
Behavioral Skills: Residents |
- Provide
effective preventive nutrition counseling appropriate for
any well or diseased individual.
- Refer
patients to community nutrition agencies, resources, and
services as appropriate.
|
| Practice
Behavioral Skills: Specialists |
- Conduct
a comprehensive community needs assessment that includes
the following components:
- Identification
of ethnic, social, and cultural issues relating to the
nutritional health and preventive medicine needs of
the population;
- Translation
of epidemiological findings into specific interventions
for the community;
- Assessment
of the nutritional status of the community and specific
groups in that community;
- Analysis
of the morbidity and mortality trends of the community;
- Design
and evaluation of nutrition/preventive-oriented interventions
targeted at reducing and eliminating community-based
risk factors; and
- Identification
of the types and extent of community resources related
to nutrition, disease prevention and health promotion
that may complement individualized clinical care.
- Access
and evaluate a variety of print and electronic data sources
used to assess the diets of community populations, and provide
appropriate nutrition-related counseling based on this information.
- Interact
sensitively, effectively, and professionally with persons
from diverse cultural, socioeconomic, educational, and professional
backgrounds.
|
| Attitude
Objectives: All Learners |
- Recognize
the importance of nutrition and community nutrition services
in health promotion, disease prevention, and disease management.
- Demonstrate
a personal commitment to the importance of prevention in
health care.
- Exhibit
a non-judgmental demeanor and sensitivity toward patients,
families, and community members.
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