4. Disease Statistics Data Points for Graphics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2008

Other	57.5
Blood	0.4
CVD	32.8
Lung*	9.3

*Excludes 12,854 deaths from pulmonary heart disease (0.5%).
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008

Lung	21.8
Blood	1
CVD	77.2

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Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2008

Stroke	16.5
AMI	16.5
Other CHD	33.3
Other CVD*	29.4
Pulmonary Embolism	0.9
Other Atherosclerosis	3.4

* Includes heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive disease, deep vein thrombosis, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.
Note: Numbers do not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008

Airway Diseases	58.2
Pulmonary Circulation	5.3
Neonatal	1.8
Influenza/Pneumonia	23.2
Interstitial/Other	11.4

Note: Numbers do not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2008

Coagulation Defects	17.9
Other Blood Diseases	19.5
Purpura	8.3
White Blood Cell Diseases	4.5
Anemias	49.9

Note: Numbers do not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population

Year	Total	Heart Disease	CHD	Stroke
1900	52.766	27.427		21.353
1910	136.357	75.429		45.461
1920	243.18	137.374		80.019
1930	384.289	251.153		104.345
1940	538.47	385.191		119.753
1950	745.074	537.629	396.055	156.751
1960	923.635	661.712	546.366	193.588
1970	1024.501	735.542	666.665	207.166
1980	993.348	761.085	635.677	170.225
1990	920.245	720.058	558.291	144.088
2000	941.526	710.76	515.204	167.661
2008	808.525	616.828	404.309	134.148

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population

Year	CVD	Heart Disease	CHD	Stroke
1900	264.3	137.4		106.9
1910	287.2	158.9		95.8
1920	282.5	159.6		93.0
1930	327.8	214.2		89.0
1940	406.6	292.5		90.9
1950	494.4	356.8	262.8	104.0
1960	515.1	369.0	304.7	108.0
1970	504.2	362.0	328.1	101.9
1980	438.5	336.0	280.5	75.1
1990	370.0	289.5	224.3	57.9
2000	342.1	258.2	187.2	60.9
2008	244.8	186.5	122.7	40.7

*Not age-adjusted.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2008
Deaths/100,000 Population*

Cause of Death
1 = Heart Disease**	133.6	69.6	202.9
2 = Cancer		186
3 = CLRD†		46.4
4 = Stroke		44.1
5 = Accidents		40.1
6 = Alzheimer's Disease		27.1
7 = Diabetes		23.2
8 = Influenza and Pneumonia		18.5
9 = Nephritis		15.9
10 = Septicemia		11.8

Years of potential
life lost (millions)‡

3.5

4.9

0.6

3.4

<0.1

0.6

0.2

0.3

* Not age-adjusted.
** Includes 133.3 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.
† CLRD is the term used in the ICD/10 for COPD and asthma.
‡Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 77 years.
Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2008

Black	Percent of All Deaths
HIV Disease	2
Septicemia	2.2
Homicide	2.9
Nephritis	3
CLRD	3
Diabetes	4.2
Accidents	4.3
Stroke	5.8
Cancer	22.1
Heart	24.5

Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Hispanic	Percent of All Deaths
Nephritis	2.1
Pneumonia	2.3
Homicide	2.4
CLRD	2.8
Cirrhosis	2.9
Diabetes	4.7
Stroke	5.1
Accidents	8
Cancer	20.7
Heart	20.8

Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Asian*	Percent of All Deaths
Suicide	2.0
Alzheimer's	2.0
Nephritis	2.1
CLRD	3.3
Pneumonia	3.4
Diabetes	4
Accidents	4.6
Stroke	8.2
Heart	24.8
Cancer	28.7

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders.
Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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American Indian**	Percent of All Deaths
Nephritis	2.3
Pneumonia	2.6
Suicide	2.8
Stroke	3.5
CLRD	4.2
Cirrhosis	5.0
Diabetes	5.3
Accidents	11.4
Heart	18
Cancer	18.5

** Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.
Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure,* U.S., 1970–2008

Year	Deaths	Deaths (Thousands)
1970	135,748	135.7
1971	140,858	140.9
1972	149,228	149.2
1973	155,000	155.0
1974	155,108	155.1
1975	155,701	155.7
1976	162,754	162.8
1977	163,574	163.6
1978	168,935	168.9
1979	234,729	234.7
1980	248,240	248.2
1981	244,182	244.2
1982	246,451	246.5
1983	251,976	252.0
1984	254,450	254.5
1985	259,093	259.1
1986	259,726	259.7
1987	261,037	261.0
1988	267,356	267.4
1989	265,291	265.3
1990	269,519	269.5
1991	272,070	272.1
1992	273,959	274.0
1993	288,603	288.6
1994	284,087	284.1
1995	286,933	286.9
1996	284,362	284.4
1997	285,820	285.8
1998	287,256	287.3
1999	286,515	286.5
2000	290,315	290.3
2001	288,115	288.1
2002	286,793	286.8
2003	289,344	289.3
2004	284,510	284.5
2005	292,375	292.4
2006	282,891	282.9
2007	277,353	277.4
2008	281,437	281.4
2009
2010

^* Heart failure as the underlying cause of death or otherwise mentioned on the death certificate.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008

Male	Black*	White*	American Indian	Hispanic	Asian
1999	280.3	253.0	184.3	200.1	154.1
2000	271.9	243.5	168.1	190.2	143.6
2001	264.4	230.2	147.1	185.8	130.1
2002	253.2	222.7	148.6	172.2	127.7
2003	246.1	212.4	152.3	158.0	119.3
2004	226.7	196.8	136.1	149.6	107.1
2005	216.3	190.2	121.5	148.4	105.2
2006	209.8	179.3	122.4	132.8	101.3
2007	194.8	168.8	112.2	122.2	91.8
2008	187.2	165.5	105.1	111.6	92.7

Female	Black*	White*	American Indian	Hispanic	Asian
1999	189.7	150.8	112.1	133.1	89.3
2000	185.0	144.3	99.1	125.1	83.7
2001	178.4	137.7	88.0	122.6	82.1
2002	171.4	131.7	87.1	112.2	76.8
2003	162.7	125.7	84.8	107.4	72.5
2004	150.5	115.6	82.4	95.3	66.7
2005	142.8	110.7	75.2	94.2	62.6
2006	132.0	102.4	76.4	85.4	58.9
2007	123.4	95.2	65.6	77.8	55.0
2008	117.4	93.2	57.9	72.1	54.2

*Non-Hispanic.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008

Male	Black*	White*	American Indian	Hispanic	Asian
1999	90.6	60.8	58.7	52.6	50.0
2000	90.8	59.9	58.0	50.5	46.1
2001	86.5	56.5	55.3	48.9	37.5
2002	83.0	54.4	50.8	44.3	37.1
2003	81.0	51.9	48.5	43.0	34.9
2004	76.3	48.2	44.2	41.5	35.0
2005	71.8	44.8	41.5	38.0	31.3
2006	68.4	41.7	39.8	35.9	25.8
2007	68.5	40.3	35.3	34.5	31.1
2008	63.4	39.2	34.0	33.1	24.5

Female	Black*	White*	American Indian	Hispanic	Asian
1999	77.1	58.4	49.0	42.2	46.4
2000	77.2	57.6	49.1	43.0	43.7
2001	74.8	54.8	48.2	41.6	44.0
2002	72.8	53.9	45.4	38.6	38.0
2003	70.9	50.9	42.6	38.1	34.2
2004	66.6	47.7	38.9	35.4	35.1
2005	61.7	44.4	36.3	33.5	37.1
2006	58.0	41.5	34.9	32.3	30.9
2007	56.1	40.3	33.2	30.8	28.4
2008	54.5	39.0	32.1	28.9	24.0

*Non-Hispanic.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2008
Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

	1950	1951	1952	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966	1967	1968	1969	1970
Actual	439.5	433.6	431.2	439.5	426.0	440.1	446.7	457.6	458.2	455.8	463.8	455.9	469.7	478.4	463.2	466.4	465.1	453.9	482.6	469.8	448.0
Expected																			475.8	478.3	480.9
Peak																				482.6	482.6

	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990
Actual	448.5	445.5	437.0	414.6	388.1	382.2	368.5	362.0	339.1	345.2	329.5	320.4	316.1	304.1	296.2	283.4	273.9	268.5	257.5	249.6
Expected	483.4	486.0	488.5	491.1	493.7	496.3	498.9	501.5	504.2	506.9	509.5	512.2	514.9	517.6	520.4	523.1	525.9	528.7	531.4	534.2
Peak	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6

	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Actual	240.6	232.6	233.2	224.5	219.7	212.1	203.6	197.1	194.6	186.8	177.8	170.8	162.9	150.2	144.4	135.0	126.0	122.7
Expected	537.1	539.9	542.8	545.6	548.5	551.4	554.3	557.2	560.2	563.1	566.1	569.1	572.1	575.1	578.1	581.2	584.3	587.3
Peak	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6	482.6

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2009

Disease	Percent Discharged Dead 2009	Percent Discharged Dead 1985	Percent Discharged Dead 1975
Cardiac Dysrhythmia	1.4	7.9
Pneumonia	3.9	7.6	6.4
Heart Failure	3.4	8.1
Stroke	5.2	8.7	16.4
AMI	5.4	15.5	19.3

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), NCHS.

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Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Males, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2009
Deaths/100,000 Population

Year	Finland	Australia	USA	UK**	Germany	Poland	France	Japan
1970	701.7	652.3	651.5	509.3		177.4	148.7	93.5
	727.8	636.1	636.5	514.3		194.3	156.5	88.3
	680.1	623.3	633.5	539.3		204.8	159.6	83.7
	695.2	609.7	618.2	532.6		210.3	158.1	85.6
	699.5	609.1	587.3	535.8		212.3	163.9	84.5
1975	679.9	565.1	557.5	530.7		230.6	167.2	80.1
	699.8	553.4	540.5	526.3		244.4	160.5	77.6
	693.2	527.8	519.8	521.2		253.4	152.5	76.5
	664.1	499.2	504.1	535.9		262.8	153.8	74.0
	638.5	477.5	473.2	522.6		255.6	149.6	71.7
1980	616.1	449.1	465.0	508.8		277.2	148.3	74.5
	602.8	442.6	448.0	491.9		261.9	145.0	69.6
	598.6	427.6	433.7	484.1		265.5	145.5	66.6
	573.6	402.2	420.6	489.4		261.4	144.4	65.0
	561.5	380.3	401.1	477.3		283.6	143.0	62.5
1985	575.7	376.6	388.2	475.8		297.5	142.4	59.8
	530.7	347.9	367.7	455.7		306.8	140.1	54.5
	506.4	333.1	351.3	439.9		316.6	127.1	52.2
	477.2	318.7	337.4	420.3		310.0	118.5	52.2
	471.0	304.6	322.7	394.4		324.0	109.7	48.4
1990	434.5	274.9	310.5	382.7	253.2	326.4	105.7	48.9
	416.9	256.7	301.1	368.5	256.8	343.9	104.6	46.6
	407.0	242.6	290.3	353.1	250.8	326.0	100.5	44.7
	377.3	230.3	286.9	346.3	248.4	304.2	98.7	44.5
	346.4	217.0	276.7	315.1	235.1	280.6	94.4	48.7
1995	339.7	202.4	269.0	304.5	230.8	273.1	92.0	48.7
	319.9	195.5	259.1	288.1	217.6	266.7	90.7	57.7
	292.3	183.2	247.8	267.0	206.5	274.8	86.6	56.8
	287.5	171.5	236.4	257.5	199.8	282.9	85.3	56.0
	276.4	160.9	229.9	241.0	190.0	291.0	81.7	56.7
2000	250.1	143.6	218.1	225.1	176.7	272.1	81.7	53.7
	238.1	138.4	203.9	211.1	169.6	255.2	76.2	53.9
	230.9	127.3	198.6	197.1	161.4	235.7	72.9	53.2
	210.2	117.2	188.7	185.2	154.5	227.5	70.3	52.6
	211.2	113.5	174.3	169.2	142.2	215.0	64.3	50.4
2005	193.9		169.4	157.9	132.7	201.3	63.2	51.7
2006	188.5	88.9	162.2	146.7	125.3	198.5	58.4	49.8
2007	180.1		153.3	138.3		190.8	57.1	47.7
2008	173.6		149.2	136.0		180.0		47.6
2009	170.0			125.8				46.5

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.
** United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007.
Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database.

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Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Females, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2009
Deaths/100,000 Population

Year	Australia	USA	Finland	UK**	Germany	Poland	France	Japan
1970	255.4	252.2	193.0	164.5		54.9	50.2	46.9
	249.1	244.3	205.4	164.4		58.3	51.7	42.9
	235.2	241.0	193.0	175.1		58.6	52.1	41.3
	225.9	231.8	187.9	175.8		62.0	50.1	43.0
	234.3	218.6	184.3	176.4		61.4	49.6	42.2
1975	213.5	205.4	179.1	173.2		66.3	51.0	38.1
	199.9	197.2	188.2	173.8		69.2	47.6	37.3
	199.2	190.2	171.3	169.8		70.8	44.7	35.4
	185.6	185.0	177.0	173.4		75.6	43.8	33.5
	169.6	170.8	176.0	170.6		71.9	41.7	31.8
1980	159.6	172.9	161.3	165.8		73.9	41.0	32.3
	159.2	166.9	166.1	162.5		70.5	41.6	31.7
	155.4	162.3	162.5	161.8		70.8	42.0	29.3
	149.6	159.8	154.6	164.6		70.2	40.2	28.6
	141.6	154.6	155.0	165.9		96.6	41.2	26.9
1985	138.9	148.4	154.9	164.6		79.8	39.8	25.2
	137.4	142.2	151.2	160.1		83.0	37.7	23.2
	126.2	137.8	153.0	154.8		87.6	34.0	21.4
	118.1	133.2	140.8	148.0		83.3	30.4	21.2
	113.4	126.2	129.8	143.0		89.5	28.2	19.5
1990	105.6	122.0	125.6	138.5	80.1	83.3	26.7	18.9
	95.9	118.5	113.9	134.9	84.0	94.4	25.6	17.9
	91.8	114.8	109.4	128.4	82.1	93.8	25.5	16.8
	85.4	114.3	104.9	125.0	82.1	89.0	24.6	16.7
	78.9	110.1	98.4	114.4	64.2	83.0	23.6	17.6
1995	72.8	107.9	92.7	109.1	77.9	82.2	22.4	17.6
	68.7	105.4	84.1	103.1	75.0	78.5	21.9	20.8
	65.8	100.2	74.0	96.0	71.6	82.6	20.3	19.7
	60.5	96.7	81.1	92.8	68.9	86.7	20.6	18.6
	53.9	95.4	69.6	85.1	64.2	90.8	19.1	18.9
2000	52.4	90.1	65.1	79.5	59.2	85.5	18.1	17.2
	46.9	84.4	59.5	73.4	55.0	80.5	18.0	17.4
	42.5	81.9	57.7	67.9	52.8	70.3	16.2	16.5
	37.4	77.7	53.3	62.2	48.4	68.4	16.1	16.0
	34.1	72.6	47.9	55.3	44.5	65.5	14.3	14.9
2005		69.6	45.2	50.8	40.1	59.6	13.4	15.4
2006	26.8	65.1	40.6	47.2	38.2	57.5	13.0	14.8
2007		60.4	41.2	43.4		54.9	12.2	14.2
2008		59.5	39.9	44.2		51.6	12.1	13.8
2009			36.1	38.5				12.8

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.
** United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007.
Source: WHO Mortality Database.

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Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008
Percent Change

	COPD	Asthma	CHD	Stroke
White Men	-13.5	-39.9	-37.0	-38.6
Black Men	-19.2	-38.2	-35.0	-31.9
White Women	2.7	-38.7	-40.5	-36.2
Black Women	5.4	-38.6	-40.2	-33.0

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2008
Deaths/100,000 Live Births

Year	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome	Respiratory Distress Syndrome	Other Neonatal Respiratory Disorder	Hypoxia	Pneumonia
1980	161.2	127.6	89.0	54.8	20.0
	154.2	109.9	86.5	51.2	15.8
	151.6	101.3	83.1	53.6	14.7
	154.1	93.5	82.2	43.6	15.2
	151.0	89.5	82.9	42.2	13.4
1985	149.4	90.7	86.6	40.8	13.5
	148.5	83.7	82.8	34.7	12.7
	145.1	79.6	81.2	27.5	12.7
	148.1	75.2	79.8	26.3	11.6
	147.3	83.0	72.0	23.7	11.1
1990	137.7	63.3	61.8	24.2	10.9
	137.5	57.7	57.1	19.3	10.4
	127.2	46.9	52.4	20.0	10.6
	123.4	41.9	48.3	18.1	9.4
	108.9	36.6	46.2	18.0	10.1
1995	92.1	34.5	41.4	16.2	9.0
	78.4	32.2	40.7	14.6	9.0
	81.5	30.9	38.9	15.4	7.6
	75.7	30.4	37.6	15.5	8.0
	66.9	28.0	43.4	15.5	7.8
2000	62.2	24.6	37.7	15.5	6.9
	55.5	25.1	37.3	13.3	7.3
	57.1	23.4	31.0	14.5	6.4
	52.9	20.3	29.8	13.6	7.1
	54.6	21.3	29.6	12.9	6.2
2005	53.9	20.8	28.0	12.8	5.9
2006	54.5	19.3	28.3	8.1	5.7
2007	56.8	18.3	25.9	8.2	4.8
2008	55.4	14.8	25.3	9.1	4.9

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2008
Deaths Under Age 1 Per 100,000 Live Births

Cause of Mortality	Percent Change 1998-2008
Intrauterine Hypoxia	21
Neonatal Hemorrhage	16
Respiratory Distress Syndrome	-51
Bacterial Sepsis of Newborn	NA
Newborns Affected by Complications of Placenta, Cord, and Membrane	2
Accidents and Adverse Effects	59
Newborns Affected by Maternal Complications of Pregnancy	16
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome	-27
Disorders Relating to Short Gestation	-3
Congenital Malformations*	-9*

^*Congenital CVD and congenital respiratory diseases accounted for 44.6 deaths under age 1 per 100,000 live births (black bar), which is 34 percent of infant deaths due to all congenital malformations.
^** From 1998 to 2008, congenital CVD declined 30 percent; congenital malformations of the respiratory system declined 47 percent; other congenital malformations increased 20 percent.
NA: Not available.
Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008

Congenital Malformations of the Respiratory System	1.3
Atelectasis and Other Lung Diseases	3.3
BPD	0.8
RDS	2.3
Pneumonia	0.7
SIDS	8.4
Other CVD	2.1
Congenital Malformations of the CV System	5.4
Other Diseases	75.6

Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Death Rates* for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Males, Ages 35 Years and Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2009
Deaths/100,000 Population

Year	UK**	Australia	Poland	Germany	USA	Finland	France	Japan
1980	146.5	136.4	121.2		83.6		56.9	44.3
	137.6	131.3	113.1		84.1		60.7	42.9
	144.3	150.4	110.8		82.3		57.8	42.3
	140.8	129.2	124.6		88.4		60.9	44.1
	144.0	129.5	128.8		88.3		61.3	42.1
1985	155.6	139.0	139.9		91.7		65.0	44.1
	147.9	119.6	126.4		90.8		66.8	40.5
	131.7	123.9	115.1		88.9	75.8	56.7	38.4
	133.0	125.5	100.7		91.0	74.1	54.9	39.2
	137.1	136.0	100.3		86.6	73.8	56.6	36.6
1990	122.9	110.8	93.8	96.2	89.3	69.4	56.1	37.5
	124.4	105.3	90.0	95.6	88.7	63.6	55.5	36.8
	118.5	112.9	76.7	93.1	86.8	67.7	55.6	35.6
	118.8	99.4	78.4	95.4	91.7	68.6	59.4	36.1
	104.6	102.6	67.3	90.0	88.7	57.2	56.1	36.0
1995	110.0	92.8	67.9	91.7	87.1	63.3	57.5	43.9
	100.5	88.3	67.9	88.6	85.9	67.4	50.1	36.5
	99.2	83.7	68.4	76.8	86.6	67.8	43.1	35.6
	97.9	78.9	69.0	71.4	86.0	72.2	38.5	33.5
	96.6	75.9	69.6	69.6	92.5	65.3	34.1	35.2
2000	95.3	71.8	67.7	67.4	89.1	63.7	33.1	31.4
	84.2	66.5	61.5	59.7	85.2	60.8	30.2	29.4
	82.9	67.2	61.9	61.2	83.3	58.3	29.9	27.6
	84.8	60.4	67.2	63.2	79.9	54.9	31.4	27.3
	76.7	56.3	63.3	54.8	78.8	45.4	27.4	25.2
2005	76.9		65.0	53.8	82.2	52.3	29.4	25.7
2006	72.4	48.0	62.4	50.5	76.4	52.6	26.2	23.6
2007	71.5		66.2		77.4	50.7	26.3	23.2
2008	74.8		62.1		82.9	45.5		23.1
2009	70.2					46.2		21.9

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.
** United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007
Source: WHO Mortality Database.

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Death Rates* for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Females, Ages 35 Years and Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2009

Year	UK**	Australia	Poland	Germany	USA	France	Japan	Finland
1980	38.5	33.8	30.4		26.7	18.5	18.1
	37.8	33.8	26.6		28.5	18.9	17.6
	41.5	37.0	26.7		29.4	18.4	17.0
	40.7	37.7	30.7		33.2	19.9	17.7
	43.1	37.5	32.7		35.0	20.1	16.4
1985	50.5	44.6	34.2		38.4	22.1	16.6
	48.1	38.9	30.0		39.6	23.3	15.6
	45.0	43.4	26.5		41.1	20.2	14.4	14.9
	48.5	45.8	22.8		43.6	20.3	14.4	14.3
	51.4	52.4	23.7		45.6	21.8	13.4	13.3
1990	48.0	42.6	22.3	27.2	46.1	22.2	13.9	11.0
	50.4	41.5	22.0	28.3	48.7	21.9	13.5	12.9
	51.4	48.9	18.5	27.0	49.0	23.1	13.1	14.9
	52.6	44.4	19.3	29.7	54.3	25.8	13.2	14.8
	48.0	47.7	16.7	29.0	54.6	23.3	12.5	13.6
1995	53.1	44.8	16.1	30.1	54.8	24.7	15.2	14.8
	51.2	43.7	16.3	29.8	56.6	20.1	12.7	13.9
	52.3	42.7	17.1	26.4	57.4	18.1	12.1	16.3
	51.5	41.4	17.9	26.6	58.8	17.0	11.3	17.8
	51.2	39.4	18.7	26.4	64.2	15.1	11.4	16.7
2000	51.0	38.5	18.4	25.3	63.7	13.0	9.8	15.8
	50.9	38.3	16.3	23.6	63.1	11.1	9.3	15.8
	51.8	38.9	15.2	25.0	63.1	11.2	8.5	14.9
	55.8	36.3	17.4	26.2	63.4	11.8	8.2	13.2
	49.3	36.3	15.5	23.5	61.3	10.4	7.8	13.2
2005	51.5		16.3	24.7	63.9	11.2	7.4	15.0
2006	49.3	31.9	15.8	23.6	60.4	9.9	7.2	14.2
2007	50.5		17.6		60.4	10.2	6.7	13.9
2008	50.3		17.5		65.8		6.5	15.3
2009	50.1						5.9	15.9

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.
** United Kingdom for 2008 and 2009; England and Wales for 1970–2007
Source: WHO Mortality Database.

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Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2008
Deaths/100,000 Population

Male/Year	White*	Black*	American Indian	Hispanic	Asian
1999	61.3	51.5	41.8	33.0	29.6
2000	58.5	47.5	43.7	28.8	28.3
2001	56.9	46.3	35.0	27.6	27.0
2002	56.5	46.3	35.9	27.2	25.0
2003	55.4	44.4	40.3	27.1	25.2
2004	52.8	40.9	32.2	23.8	22.6
2005	54.7	44.1	34.9	25.1	22.5
2006	51.2	39.5	29.0	21.9	22.3
2007	51.9	39.6	34.9	22.8	19.6
2008	55.8	42.4	32.7	22.6	20.6

Female/Year	White*	Black*	American Indian	Hispanic	Asian
1999	40.8	23.4	30.4	17.7	12.1
2000	40.7	22.7	26.2	16.3	11.7
2001	41.1	22.4	27.3	16.5	11.1
2002	41.2	22.6	26.4	16.2	9.3
2003	41.8	22.0	26.1	15.8	9.9
2004	40.0	20.9	26.1	14.9	9.3
2005	42.5	22.8	25.4	15.4	9.7
2006	40.2	21.3	26.4	14.3	9.1
2007	40.4	21.4	28.1	13.9	9.1
2008	44.1	24.4	26.7	15.3	9.6

^* Non-Hispanic.
Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

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Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 2000–2009
Number of Visits (Millions)

Year	Insomnia	Sleep Apnea	Narcolepsy
2000	2.4	2	0.06
2001	2.2	2.1	0.1
2002	2.3	3.5	0.19
2003	3.1	2.3	0.17
2004	3	3.8	0.053
2005	3	3.3	0.066
2006	4.5	3.1	0.1
2007	5.1	2.8	0.096
2008	6.1	2.3	0.18
2009	5.7	3.7	0.14

Note: Primary and secondary diagnoses.
Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008
Percent

Age	Male	Female
20–39	14.2	9.7
40–59	39.3	37.2
60–79	72.6	71.9
greater than or equal to 80	80.1	86.7

^* Hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.
Source: NHANES, 2005–2008, NCHS.

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Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2005-2010

Age Greater than or equal to 65 Years	Percent
Asthma	8.1
Heart Failure	9.3
COPD	9.9
Stroke	10.6
CHD	21.7
Hypertension	70

Age 45–64 Years	Percent
Stroke	2.8
Heart Failure	2.1
COPD	6.4
Asthma	8.4
CHD	8
Hypertension	43

Age 18–44 Years	Percent
CHD	1.3
COPD	3.2
Asthma	8.1
Hypertension	13.8

Age <18 Years	Percent
Asthma	9.3

Source: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS.

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Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2010
Percent of Population

Year	Year Other	Hypertension	Smoking	High Cholesterol	Overweight
1961	1960-62	38.1		33.3	44.8
1962
1963
1964
1965			41.9
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972	1971-74	39.8		28.6	47.7
1973
1974			37.0
1975
1976
1977
1978	1976-80	40.4		27.8	47.4
1979			33.3
1980
1981
1982
1983			31.9
1984
1985			29.9
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990			25.3
1991	1988-94	24.4		19.7	56.0
1992			26.3
1993
1994			25.3
1995			24.6
1996
1997			24.6
1998			24.0
1999			23.3
2000			23.1
2001			22.6
2002			22.3
2003			21.5
2004	1999-2004	25.6	20.8	16.9	64.8
2005			20.8
2006			20.8
2007			19.7
2008	2005-2008	26.3	20.6	15.0	67.4
2009			20.6
2010			19.6

Notes: Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. High cholesterol is ≥240 mg/dL. Overweight is BMI ≥25 kg/m². Data were collected at six time periods: 1960–1961 (plotted at 1961), 1971–1974 (plotted at 1972), 1976–1980 (plotted at 1978), 1988–1994 (plotted at 1991), 1999–2004 (plotted at 2004), and 2005–2008 (plotted at 2008).
Sources: NHIS for smoking, ages ≥18, NCHS; NHANES for the other risk factors, ages 20–74, NCHS.

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Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S., 1976–1980 to 2005–2008
Percent of Population With Hypertension

	1976–1980	1988–1991	1991–1994	1999–2004	2005–2008
Awareness	51	73	68.4	72.7	79.5
Treatment	31	55	53.6	62.7	70.7
Control	10	29	27.4	37.4	47.7

^* Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, or being on antihypertensive medication.
Source: NHANES, NCHS.

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Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008

Male	60+	40–59	18–39
Mexican-American	-54.1	-23.5	-8
Black**	-72.5	-47.1	-13.7
White**	-62.5	-31.4	-10.2

Female	60+	40–59	18–39
Mexican-American	70.1	20.8	2.5
Black**	82.9	51.4	10.6
White**	67.3	28.4	3.6

^* Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, or being on antihypertensive medication.
^** Non-Hispanic.
Sources: NHANES, NCHS.

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Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2009
Hospitalizations/10,000 Population

Year	Ages Greater than or equal to 65	Ages 45–64 Years
1971	60.1	9.5
1972	73.3	11.3
1973	78.2	12
1974	82.7	12.8
1975	88.4	13.2
1976	97.4	13.7
1977	106.4	14.2
1978	112.5	14.9
1979	127.7	15.5
1980	133.5	14.3
1981	130.8	15.6
1982	132.6	16.2
1983	132.7	20.1
1984	151.7	20.6
1985	156.3	21.4
1986	158.2	23.1
1987	161.8	22.7
1988	175.5	24.4
1989	168.5	25.6
1990	182	26
1991	193.6	27
1992	206.4	31.5
1993	207.7	34.1
1994	210	29.8
1995	208.1	27.2
1996	202.7	28.5
1997	223.2	31.3
1998	226.7	30.6
1999	221.1	29.4
2000	220.2	31.9
2001	217.3	31.5
2002	201.4	32.9
2003	222.0	36.6
2004	225.0	33.0
2005	217.4	32.3
2006	216.6	32.9
2007	189.9	29.7
2008	192.3	29.0
2009	194.0	34.2

Source: NHDS, NCHS.

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Prevalence of Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2010
Percent of Population

Age	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Ages <18 Years	5.45	5.31	5.27	5.53	5.72	5.75	5.45	5.44	5.2	5.54	5.19	5.6	5.48	5.72
Ages 18–34 Years	4.18	3.55	3.94	3.69	4.46	4.1	3.56	3.38	4.04	3.58	3.9	4	3.6	3.92
Ages Greater than or equal to 35 Years	3.47	3.4	3.07	3.36	3.56	3.59	3.21	3.68	3.79	3.9	3.76	3.74	3.97	4.31

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

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Total Economic Costs of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2008
(in billions of dollars)

Diagnostic Group	Direct Cost	Indirect Cost of Mortality
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases	16.2	23.9
Diseases of Genitourinary System	55.5	7.7
Mental Disorders	72.1	8.2
Diseases of Nervous System	69.7	15.4
Diseases of Musculoskeletal System	117.8	3.0
Diseases of Digestive System	84.2	28.6
Diseases of Respiratory System	78.5	27.4
Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases	102.3	22.6
Injury and Poisoning	77.7	101.6
Neoplasms	77.4	124.0
Cardiovascular Diseases	179.3	118.5

Source: MEPS, AHRQ.

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